METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE IN CRISIS SITUATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51547/ppp.dp.ua/2025.1.14Keywords:
crisis psychology, psychological help, cognitive behavioral therapy, stress, anxiety, relaxation techniquesAbstract
The article is devoted to the study of methods and techniques of psychological assistance in crisis situations, which is especially relevant in conditions of social instability, military conflicts and the growth of the level of psychological traumatization of the population. Modern scientific approaches to understanding crisis situations are highlighted, and methods of crisis psychological assistance used in world practice are also characterized. It was established that the most effective are cognitive- behavioral therapy, methods of emotional stabilization and relaxation techniques. As part of the empirical study, the effectiveness of using cognitive-behavioral techniques and relaxation methods to reduce anxiety and stress in crisis situations was analyzed. The study was conducted on a sample of 30 people who had experienced psychotraumatic influences, in particular military personnel, internally displaced persons, volunteers and civilians. At the first stage, psychodiagnostics was carried out using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Peirce Stress Level Questionnaire.The results showed that 46.7% of respondents had a high level of anxiety, and 53.3% had a high level of stress.During the impact stage, six individual sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy with elements of relaxation practices were conducted. Repeated diagnostics revealed a significant decrease in the level of anxiety and stress: the proportion of participants with high scores on the Beck and Peirce scales decreased by half. Statistical processing of data using the Student's t-test (p < 0.001) confirmed the significance of the changes obtained, and correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between the decrease in the level of anxiety and stress.The results of the study have practical significance for crisis psychology, can be used in working with military personnel, civilians who have experienced traumatic events, as well as in the development of psychological support programs. Promising areas for further research include assessing the long-term effects of the methods used, combining them with other psychotherapy techniques, and expanding the sample to increase the representativeness of the data.
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